{"id":5646,"date":"2025-11-15T11:00:33","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T07:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/?p=5646"},"modified":"2025-11-15T11:00:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T07:30:33","slug":"%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-go-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%aa%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-error-wrapping-%d9%88-cust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-go-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%aa%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7-error-wrapping-%d9%88-cust\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 Go: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 error wrapping \u0648 custom errors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 Go \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 interface \u062e\u0637\u0627 (error) \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>fmt.Errorf<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c <code>fmt<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06f1.\u06f1\u06f3 Go\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 struct \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 Go 1.13 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc error wrapping \u062f\u0631 Go 1.13<\/h3>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 <strong>wrap \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>fmt.Errorf<\/code> \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 verb \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f <code>%w<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <code>errors.Is<\/code> \u0648 <code>errors.As<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c <code>errors<\/code> \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc wrap \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 fmt.Errorf \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06f1 \u062a\u0627 \u06f3 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>validateValue<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>fmt.Errorf<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 <code>main<\/code> \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code>func validateValue(num int) error {\r\n    if num == 1 {\r\n        return fmt.Errorf(\"that's odd\")\r\n    }\r\n    if num == 2 {\r\n        return fmt.Errorf(\"uh oh\")\r\n    }\r\n    return nil\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunc main() {\r\n    for i := 1; i &lt;= 3; i++ {\r\n        err := validateValue(i)\r\n        if err != nil {\r\n            fmt.Println(err)\r\n        } else {\r\n            fmt.Println(\"valid!\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06f1 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u201cthat\u2019s odd\u201d \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06f2 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u201cuh oh\u201d \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06f3 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Sentinel Errors \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647 sentinel errors) \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre><code>var ErrUhOh = errors.New(\"uh oh\")\r\n\r\nfunc validateValue(num int) error {\r\n    if num == 1 {\r\n        return fmt.Errorf(\"that's odd\")\r\n    }\r\n    if num == 2 {\r\n        return ErrUhOh\r\n    }\r\n    return nil\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 <code>main<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code>if err == ErrUhOh {\r\n    fmt.Println(\"oh no!\")\r\n} else if err != nil {\r\n    fmt.Println(\"there was an error:\", err)\r\n} else {\r\n    fmt.Println(\"valid!\")\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 error wrapping \u0648 Unwrap<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c wrapping \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code>func runValidation(num int) error {\r\n    if err := validateValue(num); err != nil {\r\n        return fmt.Errorf(\"run error: %w\", err)\r\n    }\r\n    return nil\r\n}\r\nfunc main() {\r\n    for i := 1; i &lt;= 3; i++ {\r\n        err := runValidation(i)\r\n        if errors.Is(err, ErrUhOh) {\r\n            fmt.Println(\"oh no!\")\r\n        } else if err != nil {\r\n            fmt.Println(\"there was an error:\", err)\r\n        } else {\r\n            fmt.Println(\"valid!\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>fmt.Errorf<\/code> \u0628\u0627 <code>%w<\/code> \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u0627 wrap \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 <code>errors.Is<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc wrap \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc unwrap \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc (custom error) ValueError<\/h3>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>struct<\/code> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>Error()<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 wrapping\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062f <code>Unwrap()<\/code> \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre><code>type ValueError struct {\r\n    Value int\r\n    Err   error\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunc (v *ValueError) Error() string {\r\n    return fmt.Sprintf(\"value error: %v\", v.Err)\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunc (v *ValueError) Unwrap() error {\r\n    return v.Err\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunc newValueError(value int, err error) error {\r\n    return &amp;ValueError{\r\n        Value: value,\r\n        Err:   err,\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunc validateValue(num int) error {\r\n    if num == 1 {\r\n        return newValueError(num, fmt.Errorf(\"that's odd\"))\r\n    }\r\n    if num == 2 {\r\n        return newValueError(num, ErrUhOh)\r\n    }\r\n    return nil\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc wrapped \u0628\u0627 errors.Is \u0648 errors.As<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc nested \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 <code>errors.Unwrap<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u0627 <code>errors.Is<\/code> \u0648 <code>errors.As<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre><code>for i := 1; i &lt;= 3; i++ {\r\n    err := runValidation(i)\r\n    if errors.Is(err, ErrUhOh) {\r\n        fmt.Println(\"oh no!\")\r\n    } else if valueErr := new(ValueError); errors.As(err, &amp;valueErr) {\r\n        fmt.Printf(\"value error: %d had %v\\n\", valueErr.Value, valueErr.Err)\r\n    } else if err != nil {\r\n        fmt.Println(\"there was an error:\", err)\r\n    } else {\r\n        fmt.Println(\"valid!\")\r\n    }\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>errors.Is<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627 wrapped \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>errors.As<\/code> \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc wrap \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 Go \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 wrap \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>errors.Is<\/code> \u0648 <code>errors.As<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/\">\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div style='text-align:center' class='yasr-auto-insert-visitor'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 Go \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 interface \u062e\u0637\u0627 (error) \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 fmt.Errorf \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c fmt \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06f1.\u06f1\u06f3 Go\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[190,67],"tags":[548,547,545,546,549],"class_list":["post-5646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-programming","category-67","tag--error-wrapping--go","tag--errors-is--errors-as","tag------golang","tag-----go"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5646"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5666,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5646\/revisions\/5666"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parmin.cloud\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}